Co2 generating absorbent pads

ABSTRACT

A method and means for enhancing the inner environment of a package containing perishable merchandise include taking a closable package containing perishable merchandise and placing in the package a multi-layered sheet including a plurality of layers comprised of moisture absorbing materials to absorb any residual moisture emanating from the perishable merchandise. The multi-layered sheet includes a quantity of C0 2  generating material incorporated therein. The C0 2  generating material is exposable to humidity and any residual moisture within the package and any moisture absorbing material to allow the C0 2  generating material to emit an atmosphere of C0 2  within the package from exposure to moisture within the air in the package, and to absorb any residual moisture in the package.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.60/477,108, filed on Jun. 9, 2003.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Preservation of perishable package goods by the presence of C0₂ withinthe package is a recognized beneficial phenomenon. Issues with cost,consumer acceptance, and fluid absorbency as well as the design criteriato keep the raw materials from direct contact with the perishableproducts had diminished their commercial acceptance. Placing some sortof a C0₂ generating means within the package has also been recognized,but is a less than perfected art. As indicated, fluid within the packagefrom the perishable product can be a complicating factor.

It is therefore a principal object of this invention to provide a C0₂generating means for inclusion in a package of perishable goods that isinexpensively produced, effective as a C0₂ generator, and which willalso deal with the matter of residual liquid in the package from theperishable goods.

These and other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method and means for enhancing the inner environment of a packagecontaining perishable merchandise include taking a closable packagecontaining perishable merchandise and placing in the package amulti-layered sheet including a plurality of layers comprised ofmoisture absorbing materials to absorb any residual moisture emanatingfrom the perishable merchandise. The multi-layered sheet includes aquantity of C0₂ generating material incorporated therein. The C0₂generating material is exposable to humidity and any residual moisturewithin the package and any moisture absorbing material to allow the C0₂generating material to emit an atmosphere of C0₂ within the package fromexposure to moisture within the air in the package, and to absorb anyresidual moisture in the package.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a package containing perishablemerchandise and an absorbent pad according to the present invention; and

FIG. 2 is a partial cross sectional view of the absorbent pad accordingto the present invention taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

This invention describes a method of enhancing the inner environment ofa package containing perishable merchandise comprising:

-   -   1. A closable package containing perishable merchandise;    -   2. a multi-layered sheet including a plurality of layers        comprised of moisture absorbing materials (examples of which        would be airlaid pads or non-woven pads) designed to absorb        excess moisture emanating from the perishable merchandise; and    -   3. a quantity of CO₂ generating material placed within the        multilayer sheet such that it is exposed to the ambient humidity        contained or absorbed into the sheet but not in direct contact        with the perishable merchandise which allows the CO₂ generating        material to modify the atmosphere within the package.

This invention offers a cost effective, absorbent product to the marketand to consumers that have already accepted the concept of an absorbentpad in some perishable applications.

As used herein the term “perishable merchandise” includes but is notlimited to such merchandise as agricultural/horticultural products,meat, fish, vegetable, fruit, flower, ornamental plant, or the like.

Non-woven Absorbent Pads:

The composition of matter, method of manufacture, and performancecharacteristics of airlaid and non-woven absorbent pads comprised ofeither cellulosic or polymeric fibers for use as moisture absorbingmaterials are all well documented in the literature. As used herein theterm “non-woven” or “web,” as examples of moisture absorbing materials,means a web having a structure of individual fibers or threads which areinterlaid, but not in an identifiable manner as in a knitted fabric.Non-woven fabrics or webs have been formed from many processes, forexample: meltblowing processes, spunbonding processes, and bonded cardedweb processes. Other forms of moisture absorbing materials includerecycled paper soaker pads(crepe paper, for example), or the like.

The basis weight of non-woven fabrics is usually expressed in ounces ofmaterial per square yard (osy) or grams per square meter (gsm) and thefiber diameters useful are usually expressed in microns. (Note that toconvert from osy to gsm, multiply osy by 33.91). “Airlaying” is awell-known process by which a fibrous non-woven layer can be formed. Inthe airlaying process, bundles of small fibers having typical lengthsranging from about 3 to about 19 millimeters (mm) are separated andentrained in an air supply and then deposited onto a forming screen,usually with the assistance of a vacuum supply. The randomly depositedfibers are then bonded to one another using, for example, hot air or aspray adhesive. Airlaying is taught in, for example, U.S. Pat. No.4,640,810 to Laursen et al.

For example, the strata of the absorbent pad of the present inventionmay be formed as an airlaid web, as described in greater detail below.As is well known in the art, cellulose fibers are typically utilized inthe form of fibrous webs, which are manufactured by conventionalwet-laid techniques. The fibrous webs are then used in air-laid systemsto form absorbent structures used as a component of absorbent products.The absorbent structures may vary considerably in weight, density, andcomposition, depending upon the properties required for a particulartype of absorbent product. For example, additive materials may be addedto the structure, and various synthetic or modified cellulose fibers maybe combined with the cellulose fibers in order to achieve a desiredcharacteristic.

An airlaid web is typically prepared by disintegrating or fiberizing acellulose pulp sheet or sheets, typically by hammermill, to provideindividualized fibers. The individualized fibers are then air conveyedto forming heads on an airlaid web forming machine. Examples of severalairlaid web forming machines are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No.5,527,171. The forming heads may include rotating or agitated drumswhich serve to maintain fiber separation until the fibers are pulled bya vacuum onto a foraminous condensing drum or foraminous formingconveyor (or forming wire). Other fibers, such as a syntheticthermoplastic fiber, may also be introduced to the forming head througha fiber dosing system which includes a fiber opener, a dosing unit andan air conveyor. Where two defined strata are desired, such as a fluffpulp distribution stratum and a synthetic fiber acquisition stratum, twoseparate forming heads may be used for each type of fiber.

After the fibers are airlaid the resulting structure is densified andthe fibers are bonded together. Typically a calender is used to densifythe resulting structure. Compaction may also occur before all of thestrata have been airlaid. In an air-laid process, after the fibers arecondensed into a web, the fibrous web often lacks any significantstructural integrity. Often, sheets of tissue are used on the top andbottom of the web to provide additional support to the web. Other meansof stabilizing an air-laid web include thermal bonding by includingspecially treated synthetic fibers which melt upon heating and solidifyupon cooling to bond with the cellulose fibers and promote retention ofa desired shape. The use of latex binders within and on the surface offibrous webs also have been proposed as a means to provide structuralintegrity to fibrous webs.

Fibers:

Suitable fibers for use in the present invention include cellulosic orsynthetic fibers, and non-woven absorbent pads formed therefrom. Othernatural fibers for use in the present invention include chopped silkfibers, wood pulp fibers, bagasse, hemp, jute, rice, wheat, bamboo,corn, sisal, cotton, flax, kenaf, peat moss, and mixtures thereof.

Cellulosic fibers may be wood pulp fibers or softwood pulp fibers, andalso may be chemical or thermomechanical or chemithermomechanical orcombinations thereof. Wood pulp fibers can be obtained from well knownchemical processes such as the kraft and sulfite processes. Wood pulpfibers can also be obtained from mechanical processes, such as groundwood, mechanical, thermomechanical, chemimechanical, andchemithermomechanical pulp processes. Ground wood fibers, recycled orsecondary wood-pulp fibers, and bleached and unbleached wood-pulp fiberscan be used. Details of the production of wood pulp fibers are wellknown to those skilled in the art. These fibers are commerciallyavailable from a number of companies.

The fibers may also be pretreated prior to the formation of thenon-woven absorbent pad. This pretreatment may include physicaltreatment, such as subjecting the fibers to steam or chemical treatment,such as cross-linking the fibers. Although not to be construed as alimitation, examples of pretreating fibers include the application ofsurfactants or other liquids to the fibers, such as water or solvents,which modify the surface of the fibers.

The fibers also may be pretreated in a way which increases theirwettability. The fibers also may be pretreated with conventionalcross-linking materials and may be twisted or crimped, as desired.Pretreating cellulose fibers with chemicals which result in lignin orcellulose rich fiber surfaces also may be performed in a conventionalmanner.

Bleaching processes, such as chlorine or ozone/oxygen bleaching may alsobe used in pretreating the fibers. In addition, the fibers may bepretreated, as by slurrying the fibers in baths containing varioussolutions. Fibers pretreated with other chemicals, such as thermoplasticand thermoset resins also may be used. Combinations of pretreatmentsalso may be employed.

Binders:

Many binders and methods are known for incorporating additive materialsto non-woven absorbent pads. One, or more than one, of these methods areused in the present invention to bind an additive material of C0₂generating material to a fibrous substrate of the absorbent pad.

One problem with the use of additive materials is that the additivematerial can be physically dislodged from the fibers of a non-wovenabsorbent pad. Separation of the additive material from its substratediminishes the effectiveness of the additive material. This problem wasaddressed in European Patent Application 442 185 A1, which discloses useof a polyaluminum chloride binder to bind an additive material to afibrous substrate.

A method of immobilizing additive materials is disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 4,410,571 in which a water swellable absorbent polymer additivematerial is converted to a non-particulate immobilized confluent layer.Polymer particles are converted to a coated film by plasticizing them ina polyhydroxy organic compound such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, orpropylene glycol. The superabsorbent assumes a non-particulateimmobilized form that can be foamed onto a substrate. The individualparticulate identity of the superabsorbent polymer is lost in thisprocess.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,036 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,467,012 disclose absorbentlaminates in which a hydrolyzed starch polyacrylonitrile graft copolymerand glycerol mixture is laminated between two tissue layers. The tissuelayers are laminated to each other by applying external heat andpressure. The reaction conditions form covalent bonds between the tissuelayers that firmly adhere the tissue layers to one another. Numerousother patents have described methods of applying binders to fibrouswebs. Examples include U.S. Pat. No. 2,757,150; U.S. Pat. No. 4,584,357;and U.S. Pat. No. 4,600,462.

Yet other patents disclose crosslinking agents such as polycarboxylicacids that form covalent intrafiber bonds with individualized cellulosefibers, as in European Patent Application 440 472 A1; European PatentApplication 427 317 A2; European Patent Application 427 316 A2; andEuropean Patent Application 429 112 A2. The covalent intrafiber bondsare formed at elevated temperatures and increase the bulk of cellulosefibers treated with the crosslinker by forming intrafiber estercrosslinks. Crosslinking must occur under acidic conditions to preventreversion of the ester bonds. The covalent bonds within the fibersproduce a pulp sheet that is more difficult to compress to conventionalpulp sheet densities than in an untreated sheet. Covalent crosslinkbonds may also form between the fibers and particles of additivematerial.

Still other patents disclose binders that have a functional group thatforms a hydrogen bond with the fibers, and a functional group that isalso capable of forming a hydrogen bond or a coordinate covalent bondwith particles that have a hydrogen bonding or coordinate covalentbonding functionality, as in U.S. Pat. No. 6,461,553. The fibers of thenon-woven absorbent pad are provided with hydrogen bonding functionalsites, and the binder has a volatility less than water. The binder isapplied to the particles to at least partially coat the particles ofadditive material. The binder containing particles of additive material,when combined with the fibers, are bonded to the fibers by a bond thathas been found to be resistant to mechanical disruption.

Yet other patents disclose thermoplastic binders, as in U.S. Pat. No.6,420,626 (See Also U.S. Ser. No. 09/892408). The fibers of the upperand lower strata may be bonded together by heat softening athermoplastic binder present with the web fibers. The thermoplasticbinder includes any thermoplastic polymer, which can be melted attemperatures that will not extensively damage the cellulosic fibers. Itis generally desirable for the melting point of the thermoplasticbinding material to be less than about 175 degrees Celsius. Examples ofsuitable thermoplastic materials include thermoplastic microfibers,thermoplastic powders, bonding fibers in staple form, and bicomponentstaple fibers. In particular, the thermoplastic binding material may,for example, be polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, and/orpolyvinylidene chloride. Other synthetic fibrous materials which can beutilized in thermally bonded webs are described above. The thermoplasticbinders may be intermixed with the cellulosic fibers in the airlaid webforming machine or may be added to the appropriate strata subsequent totheir being airlaid.

Alternatively or in addition, the upper and lower fiber strata may bebonded together by applying a latex spray, as shown in U.S. Pat. No.6,420,626. Examples of elastomeric polymers available in latex forminclude butadiene-styrene, butadiene-acrylonitrile, and chloroprene(neoprene). Other examples of synthetic polymers that can be used inlatexes include polymers or copolymers of alkylacrylates, vinyl acetatessuch as ethylene vinyl acetate, and acrylics such as styrene-butadieneacrylic. For purposes of industrial hygiene and elimination of a solventrecycling step, the synthetic latexes can be applied as an aqueous basedemulsion rather than an organic solvent emulsion. Latexes useful in thepresent invention may be prepared by emulsion polymerization of certainolefinic (ethylenically unsaturated) monomers. This emulsionpolymerization can be carried out by customary methods using any of avariety anionic, nonionic, cationic, zwitterionic and/or amphotericemulsifiers to stablize the resultant latex, including alkyl sulfates,alkylarylalkoxy sulfates, alkylarylsulfonates and alkali metal and/orammonium salts of alkyl- and alkylaryl-polyglycol ether-sulfates;oxyethylated fatty alcohols or oxyethylated alkylphenols, as well asblock copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; cationic adductsof primary, secondary or tertiary fatty amines or fatty amineoxyethylates with organic or inorganic acids, and quaternaryalkylammonium surfactants; and alkylamidopropylbetaines. The olefinicmonomer can be a single type of monomer or can be a mixture of differentolefinic monomers, i.e., to form copolymer particles dispersed oremulsified in the aqueous phase. Examples of olefinic monomers that canbe used to form latex polymers include C₂-C₄ alkyl and hydroxy alkylacrylates, such as those selected from the group of propyl acrylate,n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate,2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and mixtures thereof. Otherexamples are C₁-C₄ alkyl or hydroxy alkyl methacrylates selected fromthe group of propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutylmethacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate,ethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate and mixturesthereof. Also suitable are mixtures of the aforementioned C₂-C₄ alkyland hydroxy alkyl acrylates and C₁-C₄ alkyl or hydroxy alkylmethacrylates. Methods of applying the latex include coating, dipping,brushing, spraying, and foaming. In a preferred embodiment, the latex isapplied by spraying. The latex resin can be applied before or aftercompaction of the fiber web.

A typical absorbent structure formed with thermoplastic binder and/orlatex has an upper stratum including fibers and thermal or latex binderresin; and will typically have a basis weight of 20-120 gsm (grams persquare meter). The lower stratum may include fluff cellulose and/orchemically modified cellulose fiber and thermal and/or latex binderresin; and will typically have a basis weight of 20-200 gsm.

C0₂ Generating Material:

Many different types of additive materials may be added to fibers fordifferent end uses. For example superabsorbent particles,antimicrobials, zeolites and fire retardants are but a few examples ofadditive materials that are added to fibers. In the present invention,C0₂ generating material is supplied as the additive material beingincorporated in non-woven absorbent pads.

The basic technology for combining a carboxylic acid with a hydrogencarbonate base in the presence of moisture to generate carbon dioxidegas is covered by several existing and expired patents. The C0₂generating material contained within the absorbent pad contains amixture of a carboxylic acid and a hydrogen carbonate base. Thecarboxylic acid can be any acid or combination of acids that, whenreacted with a base or combination of bases, results in the productionof carbon dioxide. The carboxylic acid can be aliphatic or aromatic.

Aliphatic acids include, but are not limited to, Formic acid, Aceticacid, Propionic acid, Butyric acid, Valeric acid, Caproic acid, Enanthicacid, Caprylic acid, Pelargonic acid, Capric acid, Propiolic acid,Vinylformic acid, Glyoxylic acid, Glycollic acid, 3-Butynoic acid,Crotonic acid, Vinylacetic acid, Pyruvic acid, Isobutyric acid, Oxalicacid, Lactic acid, trans-2-Penten-4-ynoic acid, Propargylacetic acid,Pent-2-enoic acid, Allylacetic acid, Isovaleric acid, Valeric acid,Malonic acid, alpha-Hydroxybutyric acid, 2-Methyllactic acid, 2-Furoicacid, Sorbic acid, trans,cis-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, D,L-Propargylglycine,Acetylenedicarboxylic acid, Hydrosorbic acid, beta-Propylacrylic acid,Strawberiff (IFF), Maleic acid, Fumaric acid, Levulinic acid, Caproicacid, 3-Methyl valeric acid, Succinic acid, 2-Heptenoic acid,cis-Hept-3-enoic acid, Methylenesuccinic acid, Oenanthic acid,Oxalacetic acid, Glutaric acid, Peroxyhexanoic acid, Malic acid,alpha-Toluic acid, Furylacrylic acid, trans,trans-Muconic acid,trans-Oct-2-enoic acid, cis-Oct-3-enoic acid, 4-Ethyl-hex-2-enoic acid,trans-3-Hexenedioic acid, Caprylic acid, 2-Ethylcaproic acid,alpha-Ketoglutaric acid, Phenylpropiolic acid, Adipic acid, D-Tartaricacid, Hydrocinnamic acid, p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid,o-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, (S)-Mandelic acid, (R)-Mandelic acid,cis-Non-3-enoic acid, alpha-Nonenoic acid, Pelargonic acid, Pimelicacid, 4-Phenyl-but-3-ynoic acid, Peroxyoctanoic acid, 4,6-Decadiynoicacid, p-Hydroxybenzoylformic acid, 4,6-Decadiyne-1,10-dioic acid,(R)-p-Hydroxymandelic acid, p-Hydroxymandelic acid, racemate,(S)-p-Hydroxymandelic acid, 4-Decynoic acid, 4-Ethyl-2-octenoic acid,Dec-3-enoic acid, 6-Acetoxy-5-hexenoic acid, 6-Acetoxy-4-hexenoic acid,4-Ethylcaprylic acid, Capric acid, Aconitic acid, Suberic acid,5-Phenyl-pent-4-ynoic acid, Vitamin C, alpha-Mercapto-caprylate,Diperoxyadipic acid, 4-Oxo-4-phenyl-butyric acid, 5-Phenyl valeric acid,Hendecynoic acid, 5-Cyclohexyl-2-pentenoic acid, Cyclohexyl n-valerate,Undecylenic acid, 2-Hendenoic acid, 1-Naphthylacetic acid,trans-10-Hydroxy-dec-8-enoic Acid, Undecanoic acid, Azelaic acid,Peroxydecanoic acid, Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-propynoic Acid, Hexanoicacid, carboxy-hydroxy-methyl ester, Citric acid, Quinic acid, D-Gluconicacid, 10-Dodecynoic Acid, 9-Dodecynoic acid, 3-Dodecynoic Acid,7-Dodecynoic acid, 8-Dodecynoic acid, 9-Dodecenoic acid, Dodec-2-enoicacid, 6-Dodecenoic acid, 7-Dodecenoic acid, 3-Methyl-undec-5-enoic acid,cis-5-Dodecenoic acid, 10-Dodecenoic Acid, 8-Dodecenoic acid,3,8-Dimethyl-dec-5-enoic acid, Dodec-11-enoic acid, AI3-05999,9-Methyl-undecanoic acid, Lauric acid, 3-Methyl-undecanoic acid4-Oxo-6-phenyl-hex-5-ynoic acid, beta-Naphthoxyacetic acid, Sebacicacid, alpha-Mercapto-caprate, 4-Oxo-6-phenyl-hexanoic acid, Galactaricacid, trans,trans-2,12-Tridecadienoic acid, 3,5-Dimethyl-undec-5-enoicacid, 12-Tridecenoic acid, trans-Tridec-2-enoic acid,11-Methyl-dodecanoic acid, 10-Methyldodecanoic acid, Tridecylic acid,12-Amino-dodecanoic acid, 2-(3-phenyl-prop-2-ynylidene)-malonic acid,Tetradeca-7,11-diene-5,9-diynoic Acid, alpha-Hydroxy-laurate,8-Cyclohexyl-octanoic acid, 3-Ethyl-dodec-5-enoic acid, Tetradec-2-enoicacid, Myristoleic acid, cis,cis-5,8-Dihydroxy-2,6-dodecadienoic acid,11-Methyl-tridecanoic acid, Myristic acid, Aseanostatin P1,Decamethylenedicarboxylic acid, alpha-Mercapto-laurate, Diperoxysebacicacid, cis-10-Pentadecenoic acid, 2-(2-Cyclopentyl-ethyl)-octanoic acid,13-Methylmyristate, Sarcinic acid, Pentadecyclic acid,1,13-Tridecanedioic acid, alpha-Hydroxymyristic acid, Decanoic acid,carboxy-hydroxy-methyl ester, 2-(3-Cyclopentenyl)-undecanoic acid,cis,cis-14-Methyl-5,9-pentadecadienoic acid, Palmitelaidic acid,2-(2-Propenyl)-tridecanoic acid, 2-(2-Cyclopentyl-ethyl)-nonanoic acid,Palmitoleic acid, 2-(4-Cyclohexyl-butyl)-hexanoicacid,2-(2-Cyclohexyl-ethyl)-octanoic acid, 2-Cyclopropylmethyl-dodecanoicacid, 2-Cyclohexylmethyl-nonanoic acid, trans-2-hexadecenoic acid,2-Heptyl-2-nonenoic acid, 2-Butyl-dodecanoic acid, Palmitic acid,14-Methylpentadecanoic acid, Anteisopalmitic acid, 2-Heptyl-nonanoicacid, 2-Hexyldecanoic acid 1,12-Dodecanedicarboxylic acid,alpha-Mercapto-myristate, 2-(3-Cyclopentenyl)-dodecanoic acid,2-(2-Propenyl)-tetradecanoic acid, 2-(4-Cyclohexyl-butyl)-heptanoicacid, 2-Cyclobutlmethyl-dodecanoic acid,2-(2-Cyclopentyl-ethyl)-decanoic acid, 2-(3-Cyclohexyl-propyl)-octanoicacid, 2-(2-Cyclohexyl-ethyl)-nonanoic acid, cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid,2-(Methylcyclohexyl)-decanoic acid, 2-Butyl-12-tridecenoic acid,2-(Methylcyclopropyl)-tridecanoic acid, 2-Cyclohexyl-undecanoic acid,cis,cis-8-Acetoxy-5-hydroxy-2,6-dodecadienoic acid,15-Methylhexadecanoic acid, 2-Heptyl-decanoic acid, 14-Methylpalmiticacid, Margaric acid, 2-Hydroxypalmitic acid, gamma-Linolenic acid,Linolenic acid, alpha-Elaeostearic acid, beta-Elaeostearic acid,cis,cis-6,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 8-Octadecynoic acid, Isolinoleicacid, 10-Octadecynoic acid, 12-Octadecynoic acid, 14-Octadecynoic acid,6-Octadecynoic acid, 4-Octadecynoic acid, cis,cis-7,12-Octadecadienoicacid, 2-Octadecynoic acid, 7-Octadecynoic acid,cis,cis-5,12-Octadecadienoic acid, cis,cis-8,12-Octadecadienoic acid,5-Octadecynoic acid, 17-Octadecynoic acid, Chaulmoogric acid,13-Octadecynoic Acid, 15-Octadecynoic acid, 11-Octadecynoic acid,Linolelaidic acid, Linoleic acid, trans,trans-10,12-Octadecdienoic acid,Cilienic acid, cis,cis-6,10-Octadecadienoic acid, 9-Stearolic acid,2-(2-Cyclohexyl-ethyl)-4-cyclohexyl-butanoic acid, Oleic acid,trans-10-Octadecenoic Acid, Dihydrochaulmoogric acid, 14-Octadecenoicacid, 15-Octadecenoic acid, 17-Octadecenoic acid,2-(2-Cyclohexyl-ethyl)-decanoic acid, cis-5-Octadecenoic acid,2-(4-Cyclohexyl-butyl)-octanoic acid, 2-Octyl-2-decenoic acid,2-Cyclohexyl-dodecanoic acid, 2-(2-Propenyl)-pentadecanoic acid,cis-12-Octadecenoic acid, cis-Vaccenic acid, Octadec-2-enoic acid,trans-Vaccenic acid, Petroselinic acid, 4-Octadecenoic acid,Petroseladic acid, trans-12-Octadecenoic acid, Isooleic acid,2-(3-Cyclohexyl-propyl)-nonanoic acid, cis-7-Octadecenoic acid,cis-8-Octadecenoic acid, 2-Cyclopentyl-tridecanoic acid,cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, Elaidic acid, cis-2-Methoxy-5-hexadecenoicacid, 11-Cyclohexyl-9-hydroxy-undecanoic acid,cis-2-Methoxy-6-hexadecenoic acid, 2-Ethylhexadecanoic acid, Stearicacid, Isostearic acid, 15-Methyl-heptadecanoic acid, Tridecanoic acid,carboxy-hydroxy-methyl ester, alpha-Mercapto-palmitate,9,10-Epoxylinolenic acid, 9-Hydroxylinolenic acid, 13-Hydroxylinolenicacid, 16-Hydroxylinolenic acid, 270. 15-Epoxylinolenic acid,2-(2-Cyclopent-2-enyl-ethyl)-dodecanoic acid,5-Cyclohexyl-2-(2-cyclohexyl-ethyl)-pentanoic acid, Ricinstearolic acid,12-Epoxylinoleic acid, 13-Hydroxylinoleic acid, Lactisaric acid,9-Hydroxylinoleic acid, 9-Epoxylinoleic acid, cis-7-Nonadecenoic acid,trans-7-Nonadecenoic Acid, 2-Cyclohexyl-tridecanoic acid, Ricinoleicacid, Ricinelaidic acid, Oxidooleic acid,trans-8-(3-Octyl-oxiranyl)-octanoic Acid, Nonadecylic acid,17-Methyloctadecanoic acid, 16-Methyl-octadecanoic acid,12-Hydroxy-stearic acid, alpha-Hydroxystearic acid, Arachidonic acid,Pulvic acid, Arachidic acid, 3RS,7R,11R-Phytanic acid,18-Methyl-nonadecanoic acid, 9,10-Dihydroxy-stearic acid,alpha-Mercapto-stearate, 9-Oxo-13-prostenoic acid, Cibaric acid,Protolichesterinic acid, 9-Oxoprostanoic acid, Cervonic acid,Hexadecanoic acid, carboxy-hydroxy-methyl ester,trans-9,12,13-Trihydroxy-10-octadecenoic Acid, Clupanodonic acid,9,10,12-Trihydroxy-stearic acid, Erucic acid, Brassidic acid, Acetylaleuritolic acid, Sativic acid, alpha-Disulfodicaprylate, Nervonic acid,Rangiformic acid, cis-6,7,8-Triacetoxy-5-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid,alpha-Disulfodicaprate, Laricic acid, alpha-Disulfodilaurate,2-Amino-succinic acid, 1-(4-octadecanoyloxy-butyl) ester,alpha-Disultodimyristate, alpha-Disulfodipalmitate, andalpha-Disulfodistearate.

Aromatic acids include, but are not limited to, Benzoic acid,Anthranilic acid, m-Salicylic acid, Salicylic acid, p-Salicylic acid,Anisic acid, m-Anisic acid, 6-Methylsalicylic acid, o-Anisic acid,4-Amino-salicylic acid, Protocatechuic acid, gamma-Resorcylic acid,alpha-Resorcylic acid, beta-Resorcylic acid, o-Pyrocatechuic acid,Gentisic acid, Piperonylic acid, Terephthalic acid, Phthalic acid,3-Formyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid, 3-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid,Isovanillic acid, o-Vanillic acid, p-Osellinic acid, 4-Methoxy-salicylicacid, Orsellic acid, Vanillic acid, 5-Methoxy-salicylic acid,Pyrogallolcarboxylic acid, Phloroglucinic acid, Gallic acid,Acetylsalicylic acid, 6-Hydroxy-benzo[1,3]dioxole-5-carboxylic acid,Monoperphthalic acid, 3,5-Dimethoxy-benzoic acid, 2,5-Dimethoxybenzoicacid, Veratric acid, 2,6-Dimethoxybenzoic acid, beta-Orcincarboxylicacid, o-Veratric acid, 3,5-Dihydroxy-p-anisic acid,alpha-Hydroxynaphthalic acid, beta-Hydroxynaphthalic acid, Divaric acid,Syringic acid, 3,4-Dimethoxy-5-hydroxybenzoic acid,4,6-Dimethoxysalicylic acid, Oxy-beta-Ocrincarboxylic acid,4-(5-Hydroxy-pentyl)-benzoic acid, 6-Pentyl-salicylic acid,2-Acetylaminogentisic acid, 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid, Eudesmic acid,2,4,6-Trimethoxybenzoic acid, o-Phenoxy-benzoic acid, m-Phenoxybenzoicacid, Taboganic acid, Olivetolic acid, 4-(5-Hydroxy-pentyloxy)-benzoicacid, 3-Hydroxy-5-phenoxy-benzoic acid, 2-(2-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-benzoicacid, 3-(3-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-benzoic acid, 4′-Hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoicacid, 5-Hexyl-2,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, p,p′-Diphenic acid,3-(4-Methoxy-phenoxy)-benzoic acid, 2-(3-Phenyl-propynoyl)-benzoic acid,6-Octyl-salicylic acid, 2-(4-Carboxy-phenoxy)-benzoicacid, Olivetonicacid, 4-(5-Carboxy-3-hydroxy-phenoxy)-benzoic Acid, 6-Decyl-salicylicacid, 3,7-Dihydroxy-dibenzofuran-1,9-dicarboxylic acid,6-Dodecyl-salicylic acid, Lecanoric acid, Anacardic acid,6-[8(Z),11(Z)-Pentadecadienyl]salicylic acid,6-[8(Z)-Pentadecenyl]salicylic acid, 6-Pentadecyl-salicylic acid,Parellic acid, 2,4-Dihydroxy-6-pentadec-8-enyl-benzoic acid,cis,cis,cis-2-Heptadeca-3,6,9-trienyl-6-hydroxy-benzoic acid,cis,cis-2-Heptadeca-6,9-dienyl-6-hydroxy-benzoic acid, Protocetraricacid, cis-2-Heptadec-10-enyl-6-hydroxy-benzoic acid, Divaricatic acid,cis-2-Hydroxy-6-nonadec-12-enyl-benzoic acid, Sphaerophorin,6-Eicosyl-salicylic acid,2-(10-Acetoxy-pentadec-8-enyl)-4,6-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, Anziaic acid,cis-2-Heneicos-15-enyl-6-hydroxy-benzoic acid, alpha-Collatolic acid,and Microphyllic acid.

In a preferred embodiment, the carboyxlic acid is citric acid.

The hydrogen carbonate base can be any base that, when reacted with acarboxylic acid, results in the production of carbon dioxide.Preferably, the base is a carbonate, bicarbonate, tricarbonate, etc.More preferably, the base is a metal carbonate, metal bicarbonate, metaltricarbonate, etc. Examples of such carbonates, bicarbonates, andtricarbonates, etc. include, but are not limited to, calcium carbonate,sodium carbonate, lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calciumbicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, lithium bicarbonate, and potassiumbicarbonate, etc.

In a most preferred embodiment, the base is sodium bicarbonate.

The total amount of the C0₂ generating material is not critical to theoperability of the invention and will depend on the size of theabsorbent pad. The carboxylic acid:base weight ratio can be from about1:1 to about 1:100. When citric acid and sodium bicarbonate are used,the citric acid:sodium bicarbonate weight ratio can be from about 1:20to about 1:1 and, preferably, 1:15.

The basis weight of the C0₂ generating material within the multi-layeredsheet should be as high as the process capability of the equipmentallows, for optimum economic and performance characteristics. The C0₂generating material can preferably have a basis weight of from about 10gsm to about 300 gsm. The multi-layered sheet having an acceptable totalbasis weight of about 50-200 gsm, a preferred total basis weight ofabout 350-500 gsm, and a most preferred total basis weight of about200-350 gsm.

Additional description of the C0₂ generating material used according tothe present invention is found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,340,654, thedisclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by referencein its entirety.

The C0₂ generating material can preferably have from about 3 weightpercent to about 60 weight percent, and more preferably from about 21weight percent to about 40 weight percent based on the total weight ofthe C0₂ generating material containing absorbent pad.

No particular limitation is imposed on the form of the C0₂ generatingmaterial used according to the present invention. However, theabove-described carboxylic acid and hydrogen carbonate base C0₂generating material may be used by formulating the C0₂ generatingmaterial into a powdery or granular form together with one or more ofvarious additives, antibacterial agents, anti-mold agents and the likeas needed or by having them borne on a suitable carrier.

Method of Use:

While the present invention utilizes many known technologies, thecombination of these technologies, and the specific steps taken toenhance the inner environment of a package containing perishablemerchandise with these technologies, is new and inventive.

With reference to FIG. 1, a package 10 has a main body 12 sealed bycover 14. The package 10 containes perishable merchandise 16 and anabsorbent pad 18 according to the present invention

FIG. 2 illustrates a partial cross sectional view of the absorbent pad18 of the device of the invention. The first and second layers 20 and 22are comprised of a plurality of airlaid layers of absorbent material,with a quantity of moisture actuated C0₂ generating material 24 locatedbetween at least two of the layers 20 and 22. As shown, vapor penetratesthe first and second layers 20 and 22 to actuate the C0₂ generatingmaterial 24.

According to the present invention, a C0₂ generating material is causedto concurrently exist in a surrounding atmosphere of an perishablemerchandise, whereby water vapor evaporated from the perishablemerchandise or its dew is brought into contact with the mixture, and bysuch vapor, carbon dioxide gas occurs gradually. Accordingly, thefreshness-retaining property of the C0₂ generating material according tothe present invention is presumed to be expressed in accordance with amechanism to be described hereinafter. Namely, an addition of vapor,which has evaporated from the perishable merchandise, to the C0₂generating material according to the present invention results ingradual occurrence of carbon dioxide gas, and this carbon dioxide gassuppresses the rate of perishing of the perishable merchandise.

To retain the freshness of perishable merchandise, it is necessary tomake the perishable merchandise and the C0₂ generating material of thepresent invention exist together in the same atmosphere. No particularlimitation is imposed on the state of coexistence of the perishablemerchandise and the C0₂ generating material. For example, both of themmay be placed together in a plastic bag, or the perishable merchandisepacked directly in corrugated fiberboard boxes and the C0₂ generatingmaterial also packed directly in different corrugated fiberboard boxesmay be placed together in a container. Whichever state of coexistence isemployed, no particular limitation is imposed on the amount of the C0₂generating material of the present invention to be used.

When the C0₂ generating material is caused to act on perishablemerchandise, a delaying of a deterioration in the freshness of theperishable merchandise can be achieved owing to the ethyleneconcentration lowering effects of the organic acid and carbon dioxidegas, and the antibacterial and anti-mold property of the organic acidalso acts effectively so that occurrence of staining microorganisms andoffensive odor can also be suppressed.

Therefore, it can be appreciated that the present invention provides anon-woven fiber based absorbent pad that is a “dry” C0₂ generatingsystem activated by water vapor. Conversely, other C0₂ generatingsystems are directed to a “wet” system where the C0₂ generatingmaterials are wetted at least with liquid water to begin use. Such “wet”systems are inferior due to the generated C0₂ being lost in the fluiditself instead of being available as C0₂ gas. Additionally, “wet”systems are not operable below zero degrees Celsius where the devicebecomes inoperable due to water freezing. Conversely, the present “dry”system reduces the C0₂ being lost fluid and is also operable below zerodegrees Celsius.

The present invention will hereinafter be described in further detailbased on Examples.

EXAMPLES

The following are examples of tests on two embodiments of the invention:

Example #1

This test involved an airlaid web with a basis weight of 150 grams persquare meter (basis weight determines thickness and thereforeabsorbency) that contained 22.5 grams per square meter of a mixture of(12% by weight Citric Acid and 88% by weight sodium bicarbonate). Citricacid was chosen for its food contact and regulatory approvals vs. acetylsalicylic acid that requires operators and materials handlers to wearrespirators to comply with OSHA guidelines for airborne particulateirritants. Sodium bicarbonate was chosen for its reactivity in thepresence of moisture. Both ingredients had previously survivedprocessing checks and demonstrated efficacy.

Example #2

This test involved an airlaid web with a basis weight of 150 grams persquare meter that contained 40 grams of a mixture of (20% by weightCitric Acid and 80% by weight sodium bicarbonate).

This type of “Active Pad” has applications anywhere there is a need foratmospheric modification with C0₂ to extend the useful life ofperishable products. Applications include Floral, Bakery, Deli, Meat,Seafood, Produce, and Consumer uses. Existing “soaker pads” found inmeat tray packs in grocery stores could serve both their existing useand, as a result of this invention, serve to modify the atmosphere inthe package extending shelf life of the product. For example, palletshipments of strawberries from the west coast are currently sealed in abag and gassed with C0₂. Replacing that process with an appropriatesized Pad would yield significant cost savings to the shipper in capitalequipment, labor, and materials costs.

It is therefore seen that this invention will achieve its statedobjectives.

1. A method of enhancing the inner environment of a package containingperishable merchandise comprising: taking a closable package containingperishable merchandise, placing in the package a multi-layered sheetincluding a plurality of layers comprised of moisture absorbing fibermaterials to absorb any residual moisture emanating from the perishablemerchandise; placing within the sheet a quantity of C0₂ generatingmaterial exposable to humidity and any residual moisture within thepackage and any moisture absorbing fiber material to allow the C0₂generating material to emit an atmosphere of C0₂ within the package fromexposure to moisture within the air in the package, and to absorb anyresidual moisture in the package; and closing the package.
 2. The methodof claim 1 wherein the multi-layered sheet is comprised of a pluralityof airlaid layers of cellulose fibers.
 3. The method of claim 2 whereina lower layer of the sheet is pervious material.
 4. An absorbent padcomprised of a plurality of layers of absorbent material, with aquantity of moisture actuated C0₂ generating material located between atleast two of the layers; wherein the absorbent material has a basisweight of 150 grams per square meter that contains 40 grams per squaremeter of a mixture by weight of 20% acid and 80% sodium bicarbonate; andwherein the moisture actuated CO₂ generating material is operable below0° C.
 5. The absorbent pad of claim 4 wherein the absorbent material hasa basic weight of 150 grams per square meter that contains 22.5 gramsper square meter of a mixture by weight of 12% acid and 88% of sodiumbicarbonate.
 6. The absorbent pad of claim 5 wherein the acid is citricacid. 7.-8. (canceled)
 9. A package containing perishable merchandise,comprising: a multi-layered sheet having a plurality of layers comprisedof moisture absorbing material; and a quantity of CO₂ generatingmaterial placed within the multi-layered sheet and exposed to humiditycontained in the sheet to modify the atmosphere within the package. 10.The package of claim 9 wherein the moisture absorbing material is anairlaid pad.
 11. The package of claim 9 wherein the moisture absorbingmaterial is a non-woven pad.
 12. The package of claim 9 wherein themoisture absorbing material is recycled paper.
 13. The package of claim9 wherein the quantity of CO₂ generating material is exposed to humidityabsorbed in the multi-layered sheet.
 14. The package of claim 9 whereinthe quantity of C02 generating material is not in direct contact withthe perishable merchandise.
 15. An absorbent pad comprised of aplurality of layers of absorbent material, with a quantity of moistureactuated CO₂ generating material located between at least two of thelayers wherein the moisture actuated CO₂ generating material is operablebelow 0° C.
 16. The absorbent pad of claim 15 wherein the absorbentmaterial has a basic weight of between 150 grams and 250 grams persquare meter that contains 40 to 150 grams per square meter of a mixtureby weight of 20% to 40% acid and 60% to 80% of base.